Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death among American men. By the time symptoms appear the cancer may be advanced. According to Dr. Donald Spicer, urologist with the Urology Group, symptoms include urinary difficulties and pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, or thighs. But when diagnosed early, prostate cancer is highly treatable.

Two simple methods are often used in screening for prostate cancer:

• A digital rectal examination (DRE), in which the doctor examines the prostate
• A blood test, in which a blood sample is tested for the presence of a substance called prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. Sometimes, doctors take a “wait-andsee” approach. This depends on the type of prostate cancer, the man’s age, and his overall health.

“In the U.S., prostate cancer occurs mainly in men older than age 55. African-American men have a much higher risk than Caucasian men. Family history—having a father, brother, or son with the disease—also increases risk,” says Dr. Spicer. “Research suggests that a diet high in animal fat may be a factor, too.”

Medical experts agree that men should talk about the pros and cons of screening with their doctor. Dr. Spicer says that men should discuss prostate cancer screening with their doctor beginning at age 50. Men at a high risk for this cancer may want to have this discussion even earlier.